MS has blocked most of the unofficial 3rd party tools that could do patch management.
For major components like IE, Media Player, .NET, etc, you can download those components manually by going to their respective sub-sites on
www.microsoft.com. eg:
http://www.microsoft.com/windows/internet-explorer/worldwide-sites.aspx
But for normal patches, you need a list of the actual KB numbers, and visit each KB article and they can be downloaded directly from their KB articles, but recently MS has been removing the download links (or not publishing them), simply referring people to use WindowsUpdate or Microsoft Update.