jtr, you mentioned riding at 3AM. What do you do to make yourself visible during your ride? During the daytime rides I wear bright colors and also have a rear-facing red-blinking LED in the rear reflector location on my bike. Is the blinking light a bad idea?
I have a rear blinker (modded with a red power LED to be visible from at least 1/4 mile), and a fairly bright front headlight ( ~150 lumens). I have a ~1800 lumen headlight of my own design which I'll eventually be using as soon as I have time to finish it.
Blinking lights are fine in the rear. In fact, a blinking red rear light is usually associated with "bicycle" by most drivers. I notice cars giving me a pretty wide berth, which means they see me from far enough away to do so. Blinking headlights in general are a bad idea IMO because they might be associated with strobes on emergency vehicles (and hence might be technically illegal). For that reason, they're likely to confuse drivers. Also, a blinking headlight will do a poor job of lighting the road. although most I've seen are simply of the "to be seen", rather than "to see" variety. That leaves the last part-do you need a headlight which simply helps drivers see you, or do you want something bright enough to see with? I'd say in most cases you want the latter. Even in cities with streetlights, many roads are dark, especially those with trees. To actually see, I'm finding 150 lumens barely adequate, although that might be enough for a slower rider. I'd say 500 lumens will do most of the time if you have a tight beam. The light I'm making will have variable levels. Based on my testing a middle level of around 500 lumens will be adequate 95% of the time, but I'll have up to 1800 lumens for when I really need it.
As for clothing, I just wear my normal clothes, but I try to avoid black. In truth, the lights are going to make me a lot more visible than any clothing. Oh, and side marker lights of some sort (or just having sidespill from the front/rear lights) isn't a bad idea. The best safety tip for night riding (actually for any riding) is to ride as if you're invisible. In other words, don't depend upon anyone seeing you in order to be safe. I always ride in such a way that I'm not directly in front of cars, and therefore not dependent upon them going around me in order to stay safe. And never pass any vehicles on the right, unless there's no chance they will be moving (i.e. they're stopped at a red light). The "right hook" is a very common type of cycling accident. I'm sure you also know enough to ride at least 3 feet away from parked cars to avoid doorings. Those are the primary tips for riding safely regardless of time of day. They're more important at night when bikes are less visible. When I see bikes without lights at night, it's actually scary how invisible they are. Even from my vantage point of 360 degree visibility with no windshield, it's hard to notice a bike without lights from half a block down. On the flip side, even a bike with a feeble rear blinker is quite visible from 3 or 4 blocks away.
Yeah, this weather stinks, even at 2 or 3 AM. I've been limiting myself to ~20 miles. Last night I was close to passing out towards the end of the ride. The winds had to do with it. During the time I was out, wind speed picked up dramatically.