1.
If the immediate and direct purpose of our life is not suffering then our existence is the most ill-adapted to its purpose in the world : for it is absurd to suppose that the endless affliction of which the world is everywhere full, and which arises out of the need and distress pertaining essentially to life, should be purposeless and purely accidental. Each individual misfortune, to be sure, seems an exceptional occurence; but misfortune in general is the rule.
2.
Just as a stream flows smoothly on as long as it encounters no obstruction, so the nature of man and animal is such that we never really notice or become conscious of what is aggreable to our will; if we are to notice something, our will has to have been thwarted, has to have experienced a shock of some kind. On the other hand, all that opposes, frustrates and resists our will, that is to say all that is unpleasant and painful, impresses itself upon us instantly, directly and with great clarity. Just as we are conscious not of the healthiness of our whole body but only of the little place where the shoe pinches, so we think not of the totality of our successful activities but of some insignificant trifle or other which continues to vex us. On this fact is founded what I have often before drawn attention to : the negativity of well-being and happiness, in antithesis to the positivity of pain.
I therefore know of no greater absurdity than that absurdity which characterizes almost all metaphysical systems : that of explaining evil as something negative. For evil is precisely that which is positive, that which makes itself palpable; and good, on the other hand, i.e. all happiness and all gratification, is that which is negative, the mere abolitoin of a desire and extinction of a pain.
This is also consistent with the fact that as a rule we find pleasure much less pleasureable, pain much more painful than we expected.
A quick test of the assertion that enjoyment outweighs pain in this world, or that they are at any rate balanced, would be to compare the feelings of an animal engaged in eating another with those of the animal being eaten.
3.
The most effective consolation in every misfortune and every affliction is to observe others who are more unfortunate than we : and everyone can do this. But what does that say for the condition of the whole?
History shows us the life of nations and finds nothing to narrate but wars and tumults; the peaceful years appear only as occasional brief pauses and interludes. In just the same way the life of the individual is a constant struggle, and not merely a metaphorical one against want or boredom, but also an actual struggle against other people. He discovers adversaries everywhere, lives in continual conflict and dies with sword in hand.
4.
Not the least of the torments which plague our existence is the constant pressure of
time, which never lets us so much as draw breath but pursues us all like a taskmaster with a whip. It ceases to persecute only him it has delivered over to boredom.
5.
And yet, just as our body would burst asunder if the pressure of the atmosphere were removed from it, so would the arrogance of men expand, if not to the point of bursting then to that of the most unbridled folly, indeed madness, if the pressure of want, toil, calamity, and frustration were removed from their life. One can even say that we
require at all times a certain quantity of care or sorrow or want, as a ship requires ballast, in order to keep on a straight course.
Work, worry, toil, and trouble are indeed the lot of almost all men their whole life long. And yet if every desire were satisfied as soon as it arose how would men occupy their lives, how would they pass the time? Imagine this race transported to a Utopia where everything grows of its own accord and turkeys fly around ready-roasted, where lovers find one another without any delay and keep one another without any difficulty : in such a place some men would die of boredom or hang themselves, would fight and kill one another, and thus they would create for themselves more suffering than nature inflicts on them as it is. Thus for a race such as this no stage, no form of existence is suitable other than the one it already possesses.
...
...
from
On the Suffering of the World by Arthur Schopenhauer.
*sigh* When I read this thread I instantly got my Schopenhauer of the shelf. If someone has written on the subject of suffering more thoroughly, insightfully, or eloquently than Schopenhauer, I have not read them.
Essays and Aphorisms is a great collection of his work, and I highly recommend it for anyone and everyone who is depressed.
Reading his work is oddly liberating, despite the fact that it may not necessarily make you feel any better. It synthesizes the essential wisdom of Christianity and Buddhism, but rationally and atheistically. In fact, despite having read the Bible several times I never really understood Christianity or, for that matter Buddhism, until I read Schopenhauer. Great writer and thinker...
Oh, I should warn anyone who thinks about getting that book that the only cure that I know of for Schopenhauerian malaise is Nietzsche. The two are inextricably tied together. In fact, Nietzsche devoted his entire life to trying to prove Schopenhauer's solution wrong. So many people read Nietzsche without the context of Schopenhauer, and that's Just Wrong.
I just thought I'd contribute some light reading to cheer everybody up
.